馬兜鈴內酰胺I抑制劑1. Aristololactam I has cytotoxic potency, mediated through the induction of apoptosis in a caspase 3-dependent pathway. 2. The effects of Aristololactam I may be mediated by different mechanisms except TGF-beta1 pathway. 3. Aristololactam I may be one of toxic metabolites in Chinese herbs containing AA which participate in renal damage and fibrosis.